Campanile
A campanile (pronounced cam-pa-nee-lay) is, especially in Italy, a free-standing bell-tower (Italian campana, 'bell') adjacent to a church or cathedral.
The most famous Campanile is probably the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Other notable campaniles include St Mark's Campanile in Venice's St Mark's Square.
At the beginning of the nineteen eighties the theme Campanile was revised by H. R. Hiegel and Florian Mausbach. After a spectacular design by architect H.R. Hiegel dating from the year 1983, in 1990 Helmut Jahn built the Frankfurt Messeturm.
Modern campaniles often contain carillons, a musical instrument traditionally comprised of large bells which are sounded by cables, chains, or cords connected to a keyboard. These can be found at some college and university campuses. In modern construction, rather than using heavy bells the sound may be produced by the striking of small metal rods whose vibrations are amplified electronically and sounded through loudspeakers.
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