Babylonian numerals

The Babylonians used a base-60 (or sexagesimal) positional numeral system borrowed from the Sumerians.

A common theory is that sixty was chosen due to its prime factorization 2*2*3*5 which makes it divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 30. Integers and fractions were represented identically - a radix point was not written but rather made clear by context.

Sexagesimals still survive to this day, in the form of degrees, minutes, and seconds in trigonometry and the measurement of time.