Autoroute (Quebec)
Autoroute is a French word meaning, literally, a motor road, and corresponding to the words "motorway" or "freeway" in English. It is the name used in the francophone world for highways constructed exclusively for motor traffic.
The Autoroute system in the province of Quebec, Canada, is a network of freeways which operate under the same principle of controlled-access as the Interstate freeway system in the United States or the 400-Series Highways in neighbouring Ontario. The Autoroutes are the backbone of Quebec's highway system, which spans more than 20,000 km of roads. The speed limit on Quebec's Autoroutes is 100 km/h in rural areas and 70 km/h in urban areas.
Autoroutes are identified by blue and red shields, with the red header image representing a highway overpass. Quebec's Autoroutes are numbered from 1-99 in the case of principal routes, and from 400-999 in the case of collector routes or deviation routes designed such that truck traffic can by-pass urban areas. In the case of deviation routes, the hundreds prefix is even-numbered (e.g., 400, 600), whereas collector routes have odd-numbered prefixes (e.g., 500, 700, 900). For example, A-40 is an Autoroute, the A-640 is a deviation route, and the A-740 is a collector route linking the A-40 to other Autoroutes.
Odd-numbered Autoroutes (e.g., A-15) generally run perpendicular to the Saint Lawrence River, while the even-numbered ones (e.g., A-20, A-40) generally run parallel to it. In addition, each Autoroute has a unique name in addition to its numerical designation and it is commonplace for Autoroutes to be identified using either method (e.g., the Décarie, the 15).
History of Quebec's Autoroutes
Examples of Autoroute marker shields.
Quebec's first Autoroute was the Laurentian Autoroute (Autoroute des Laurentides), which opened in 1959 as a toll road. This initative to bring freeways into Quebec was started by Maurice Duplessis, whose government saw the construction of the Laurentian Autoroute (A-15) from Montréal to Saint-Jérôme and the first section of the Boulevard Métropolitain (A-40), which opened in 1960.
It was the Quebec Liberal government of the 1960s that saw the construction of further Autoroutes, especially in light of the fact that many visitors would be flocking to Montréal by car for Expo 67. The Décarie (A-15) and the Lafontaine Tunnel were constructed for that very reason. The Eastern Townships Autoroute (Autoroute des Cantons-de-l'Est) opened in 1964, while the A-55 between Magog and Rock Island opened in 1967. A-40 was extended out to Berthierville, and later to Trois-Rivières in the 1970s.
The 1970s also saw the completion of the Pierre-Laporte Bridge in Québec City, connecting the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River to the north. In addition to this, the A-73 was extended to Beauce, the A-20 was extended to Rivière-du-Loup, and the Chomedey Autoroute (A-13) and the A-440 were constructed in Laval. During the 1970s, the Parti Québécois came to power, whose platform mandated an expansion of public transportation over the construction of more Autoroutes. Existing Autoroutes were extended (e.g., the A-40 was extended from Trois-Rivières to Quebec City) but no new Autoroutes were built.
Nearly all of Quebec's Autoroutes were toll roads until the mid-1980s, when the toll barriers were removed and the province stopped collecting tolls from vehicles using the Autoroutes.
List of Autoroutes in Quebec
Autoroute 5
- Name: Autoroute de la Gatineau
- Description: From the Pont Cartier-MacDonald in Gatineau to chemin de la Rivière in Montréal
- Length: 4.1 km
- History: First opened in 1967
- Name: Autoroute des Cantons-de-l'Est
- Description: From the Champlain Bridge to Route 112 in Sherbrooke
- Length: 153.8 km
- History: First section (Montréal-Longueuil across the Champlain Bridge) opened in 1962
Autoroute 13
- Name: Autoroute Chomedey
- Description: From the A-20 in Montréal to the A-640 in Boisbriand
- Length: 21.4 km
- History: First opened in 1975
Autoroute 15
- Name: Autoroute 15 Sud
- Description: From the United States border at Lacolle (connects to Interstate 87 in New York) to the Turcot interchange (A-20 West) in Montréal
- Length: 62.6 km
- History: Construction of this section of the A-15 was completed in 1967
- Name: Autoroute Décarie
- Description: From the Turcot interchange to the A-40 interchange in Montréal
- Length: 7.4 km
- History:
- Name: Autoroute des Laurentides
- Description: From the A-40 interchange to Route 117 in Montréal to boul. Dagenais in Laval
- Length: 10.1 km
- History: First section was opened in 1970 (boul. H-Bourassa to boul. Lévesque), final section was completed twenty years later
Autoroute 20
- Name: Autoroute Jean-Lesage
- Description: Ontario-Quebec border at Rivière-Beaudette (connects to Highway 401 in Ontario) to rue Père Nouvel in Rimouski
- Length: 541.7 km (the longest Autoroute in Quebec)
- History: Construction of the A-20 began in 1964. It should be noted that the A-20 is a part of the Trans-Canada Highway, from the A-25 interchange (Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Tunnel) up to Route 132 at Trans-Canada Highway while the second section was completed up to Saint-Esprit in 1999
Autoroute 30
- Name: Autoroute de l’Acier
- Description: The A-30 consists of four sections: the first detours Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, the second detours the Kahnawake reserve, the third links Saint-Constant (at the junction of the A-15) to Sorel, and the final section links the A-55 and Joliette
- Length: 14.3 km
- History: Completed in 1966
Autoroute 35
Autoroute 50
- Name: Autoroute Maurice-Richard
- Description: The A-50 is not a complete route; the first segment, in the east, connects the A-15 to Lachute--this section is a simple roadway, with at-grade railway crossings (rare for a freeway). The second segment, in the west, links Hull to United States border at Stanstead to Route 155 in Shawinigan
- Length: 247.3 km
- History:
Autoroute 70
Autoroute 440
- Name: Autoroute Laval
- Description: From the A-13 west of Laval to the A-25 on the east side of Laval.
- Length: 13.2 km
- History: Construction on this section of the A-440 was completed in 1979
- Name: Autoroute Charest, Autoroute Dufferin-Montmorency
- Description: Short spur routes in Québec City
- Length: 12.5 km
- History:
Autoroute 520
- Name: Autoroute Côte de Liesse
- Description: This route connects Sainte-Foy
- Length: 5.1 km
- History: Completed in 1966
Autoroute 573
- Name: Autoroute Henri-IV
- Description: This is an extension of A-73, which runs from the A-73/A-40 interchange to Route 369 in Québec City
- Length: 7.8 km
- History: Completed up to Route 369 in 1998
Autoroute 640
- Name: Autoroute 640 (or, unofficially, Autoroute de contournement nord de Montréal)
- Description: Runs the length of the north shore of the Milles-Îles River from Saint-Joseph-du-Lac to the A-40 interchange in Montréal through the Ville-Marie tunnel, but the length of the route runs from the Turcot interchange up to the Jacques-Cartier Bridge
- Length: 8.5 km
- History:
Autoroute 740
- Name: Autoroute du Vallon
- Description: From boul. Laurier (Sainte-Foy) to the A-40 interchange in Quebec City.
- Length: 7.4 km
- History:
Autoroute 955
- Name: Autoroute 955 (or, unofficially, Autoroute de Saint-Albert)
- Description: From Saint-Albert to the A-20 interchange in Drummondville; however, this was never realised, but the short route still remains
See also