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Auguste Dupin is a fictional character created by Edgar Allan Poe.
While not the first detective in fiction, Auguste Dupin was the proto-type for many that came later (most notably Sherlock Holmes.) He lives in Paris alone in an old house. Many tropes that latter would become commonplace in mystery fiction first appeared here: the eccentric but brillant detective, the bumbling police, the first-person narration by a companion character.
He appears in three stories by Poe:
He also has a brief appearance in Alan Moore's League of Extraordinary Gentlemen comic book.