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General |
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| Name | Aluminium oxide Aluminum oxide (US) |
| Chemical Formula | Al2O3 |
| Appearance | White crystalline powder or solid |
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Physical |
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| Formula weight | 101.96 amu |
| Melting point at SP | 2303 K |
| Boiling point at SP | 3250 K |
| Density | 3.97 × 103 kg/m3 |
| Crystal structure | Trigonal (hex) |
| Solubility | Insoluble |
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Thermochemistry | |
| ΔfH0liquid | −1620.57 kJ/mol |
| ΔfH0solid | −1675.69 kJ/mol |
| S0liquid, 1 bar | 67.24 J/mol·K |
| S0solid | 50.9 J/mol·K |
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Safety | |
| Injestion | Low hazard |
| Inhalation | May cause irritation or lung damage |
| Skin | Low hazard |
| Eyes | Low hazard |
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SI units were used where possible. | |
Aluminium oxide (or aluminum oxide) (Al2O3) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen. It is also referred to as alumina for short, a name commonly used in the mining, ceramic and materials science communities.
Aluminium oxide is the main component of bauxite, the principal ore of aluminium. Industrially, bauxite is purified to aluminum oxide via the Bayer process, and then converted to aluminum metal in the Hall-Heroult process.
The gems ruby and sapphire are mostly aluminum oxide, given their characteristic colors by trace impurities.
Aluminium oxide is responsible for metallic aluminium's resistance to weathering. Metallic aluminium is very reactive with atmospheric oxygen, and a thin layer of aluminium oxide quickly forms on any exposed aluminium surface. This layer protects the metal from further oxidation. The thickness and properties of this oxide layer can be enhanced using a process called anodising.
Aluminium oxide is an excellent thermal and electrical insulator. In its crystalline form, called corundum, its hardness makes it suitable for use as an abrasive and as a component in cutting tools.
Powdered aluminium oxide is frequently used as a medium for chromatography.
In August, 2004, scientists in the United States working for 3M developed a technique for making an alloy of alumina and rare earth elements to produce a strong glass, immediately dubbed transparent aluminum.
Aluminium oxide was taken off the EPA's chemicals lists in 1988.
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