All-terrain vehicle

The term "all-terrain vehicle" is used to describe a number of small open motorised buggies and tricycles designed for off-road use. The 4-wheeled versions are also called a quad bikes or quads. Models with 3 wheels are called all-terrain (motor)cycles or ATCs. 6 and 8 wheel models exist for specialized applications. The rider sits on these models just like on a motorcycle, but the extra wheels make them more stable at slow speeds.

Development of ATVs

Honda made the first ATC models for use by farmers. The ability to go anywhere on terrain that most other vehicles could not cross soon made them popular with US and Canadian hunters, and those just looking for a good trail ride. Soon other manufacturers introduced their own models.

Safety issues with 3 wheels caused all manufaturers to switch to 4-wheeled models in the late 80's, and 3-wheel models are no longer made. The lighter weight of the 3-wheel models make them popular with some expert riders. The safety issues were in cornering: all models have a solid rear axle, so to corner the rider needed to reduce speed more than expected, and to lean out. This is contrary to ones instincts and to the behavior of all other vehicles, so many riders were injured.

Models today are roughly divided into the sport and utility markets. Sport models are generally small, light, 2 wheel drive, and go fast. Utility models are generally bigger, 4 wheel drive, max out at about 45mph, and have the ability to haul small loads. Due to the different weights, each has advantages on different types of terrain.

6 wheel models have a small dump bed, with an extra set of wheels at the back to increase the payload capacity. They can be either 4 wheel drive (back wheels driving only), or 6 wheel drive.

There also exist 6 and 8 wheel models where the rider sits inside. These vehicles float and are designed to go through swamps as well as dry land.

Criticisms of ATVs

ATVs have become controversial among some groups, namely child-safety advocates, rural landowners, and environmentalists.

Despite the move from 3-wheel to 4-wheel models, some deaths and injuries still occur. Some localities have either banned minors (typically those under 14 years of age) from using ATVs or are considering such legislation. Advocates of ATVs argue that starting younger improves safety. By starting as young as 8 years of age on smaller ATVs, children become much more proficient rather than waiting until age 14.

Often ATV riders go through privately owned property in rural areas. Further, environmentalists criticize ATV riders for riding through sensitive areas especially wetlands and sand dunes. The deep treads on ATV tires are effective for navigating terrain that is muddy and has tree roots and small rocks. Unfortunately, these treads also dig up soil which:

• digs channels that drain boggy areas of water
• tears out fragile plants vital for maintaining the integrity of sand dunes

To address these land usage concerns, ATVs organizations have been springing up to:

• purchase property and/or obtain permission of landowners
• build and maintain trails suitable for ATV riding
• educate ATV riders about responsible riding

Unfortunately, as with watercraft and snowmobiles operators, a few irresponsible people (derogatively called yahoos) assert their right to ride anywhere and, given the recreational role of these vehicles, even operate the vehicles while intoxicated. This mindset is exacerbated by marketing that uses names like Predator and Outlaw and uses advertising emphasizing unrestricted stunt-like riding in wilderness areas.