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In medicine, it is understood that AIDS patients have an increased risk of AIDS-related lymphoma, a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that arises due to decreased immunosurveillance by the immune system against abberant cells.
Apart from an increased risk of infections, AIDS patients are also at risk for certain types of cancer. The best known and most extensively studied are Kaposi sarcoma (human herpesvirus 8-related angiosarcoma) and a particular type of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).