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Ahom

The Tai Ahoms ruled parts of present day Assam for nearly 600 years: from 1228 to 1826. In 1228, Sukaphaa, a Shan (Mong Mao) prince originally befriended the Morans and Borahis in the Brahmaputra valley, defeated the Chutias and established a small kingdom. The Ahoms, who introduced wet rice cultivation in the region, soon expanded, subsuming some enthnic tribes (like the Borahis) and by subjugating others. Their power declined in the 18th century. The capital city was taken for a short period during the Moamoria rebellion. In the first part of the 19th century, the Burmese army invaded their kingdom who set up a puppet Ahom king. The Burmese were defeated by the British resulting in the Treaty of Yandaboo in 1826, which paved the way for the British to convert the Ahom kingdom into a principality and which marked the end of the Ahom rule.

The Tai Ahoms who came into Assam followed their traditional religion and spoke the Tai language. Over time, they adopted the Assamese language and were converted to Hinduism. They kept good records, and are known for their chronicles, called Buranjis. The Buranjis were the first example of recorded history in India.

One of its greatest achievements was the stemming of Mughal expansionism. In the celebrated battle of Saraighat, the Ahom general Lacit Borphukan defeated the Mughal forces on the outskirts of present day Guwahati in 1671.

The Ahom kings were called Swargadeos, and they did not necessarily rule from a single line. The kings were often selected from a small number of families, which were descendents of the first Ahom king. The selection was done by the two patro montris (the Burha-Gohain and Bor-Gohain). Later, three more offices was added to the patro montris (Borpatro-Gohain, Borborua and Borphukan). In times of long disputes, the patro montris ruled the country, which contributed to the long reign of Ahom kings. It also lead to much palace intrigues in the 17th and the 18th centuries contributing to the instability and finally the end of the Ahom kingdom.

The Ahom Dynasty

1228-1268 Sukaphaa

1268-1281 Sutephaa (son of Sukaphaa)

1281-1293 Subinphaa (son of Sutephaa)

1293-1332 Sukhaangphaa (son of Subinphaa)

1364-1369 Interregnum

1369-1376 Sutuphaa (son of Sukhaangphaa)

1376-1380 Interregnum

1380-1389 Tyao Khaamti (son of Sukhaangphaa)

1389-1397 Interregnum

1397-1407 Sudangphaa (Baamuni Kunwar - son of Tyao Khaamti, brought up in a Brahmin familyof Habung)

1407-1422 Sujangphaa

1422-1439 Suphakphaa

1439-1488 Susenphaa (son of Suphakphaa)

1488-1493 Suhenphaa (son of Susenphaa)

1493-1497 Supimphaa (son of Suhenphaa)

1497-1539 Suhunmunga (Swarganarayan, Dihingiaa Rojaa I, son of Supimphaa)

1539-1552 Suklenmunga (Gorgoyaan Rojaa, son of Suhungmunga)

1552-1603 Sukhaamphaa (Khuraa Rojaa, son of Suklengmunga)

1603-1641 Susenghphaa (Prataap Xingha, Burhaa Rojaa, Buddhiswarganarayan, son of Sukhaamphaa)

1641-1644 Suramphaa (Jayaditya Xingha, Bhogaa Rojaa, son of Susenghphaa)

1644-1648 Sutingphaa (Noriyaa Rojaa, son of Suramphaa)

1648-1663 Jayadwaj Xingha (Bhoganiyaa Rojaa, son of Sutingphaa)

1663-1670 Supangmunga (Chakradwaj Xingha)

1670-1672 Sunyatphaa (Udayaaditya Xingha, brother of Supangmunga)

1672-1674 Suklanphaa (Ramdwaj Xingha, Charingia Rojaa, brother of Supangmunga)

1674-1675 Suhunga (Samaguria Rojaa, Khamjangia Rojaa, descendent of Suhungmunga, Samaguria branch of the royal family)

1675-1675 Gobar Rojaa (great-grandson of Suhungmung)

1675-1677 Sujinphaa (Arjun Konwar, Dihingia Rojaa II, grandson of Pratap Xingha, son of Namrupian Gohain)

1677-1679 Sudoiphaa (Parvatia Rojaa, descendent of Deka Rojaa ???)

1679-1681 Sulikphaa (Ratnadhwaj Xingha, Loraa Rojaa, member of the Samaguria branch of the royal family)

1681-1696 Supaatphaa (Godadhar Xingha, son of Gobar Rojaa)

1696-1714 Sukhrungphaa (Rudra Xingha, son of Supaatphaa)

1714-1744 Sutanphaa (Xiba Xingha, son of Sukhrungphaa)

1744-1751 Sunenphaa (Pramatta Xingha, son of Sukhrungphaa)

1751-1769 Suramphaa (Raajeswar Xingha, son of Sukhrungphaa)

1769-1780 Sunyeophaa (Lakshmi Xingha, son of Sukhrungphaa)

1780-1795 Suhitpangphaa (Gaurinaath Xingha, son of Sunyeophaa)

1795-1811 Suklingphaa (Kamaleswar Xingha, great grandson of Supaatphaa)

1811-1818 Sudingphaa (1) (Chandrakaanta Xingha, brother of Suklingphaa)

1818-1819 Purandar Xingha (1)

1819-1821 Chandrakaanta Xingha (2)

1821-1824 Jogeshwar Xingha (brother of Hemo Aideo, puppet of Burmese ruler)

1824 British conquest of lower Assam

1826 Yandaboo Treaty