F
The letter F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet.
History
F developed from the digraph FH that stood
for /f/.
The Etruscans were the inventors of this digraph; F on its own stood for /w/
in Etruscan as in Greek (where the letter F,called Digamma in Greek, has
disappeared due to the fact that the /w/ phoneme itself disappeared.) The origin of F
is the Semitic letter wâw that also represented /w/ and
originally probably represented a hook or a club.
The minuscule f is not to be confused with ſ, the archaic
long s (or medial s). For example, "sinfulness" is rendered as
"ſinfulneſs" using the long s. The use of the long s died out by the end of the 19th century, largely to prevent confusion with f.
Phonetic use
In English, F represents the voiceless labiodental fricative ('f' in
IPA), although in certain words, such
as "of", it can be a voiced labiodental
fricative ('v' in IPA). The digraph "ff", pronounced 'f', is often used at the
end of words (and, in rare personal or placenames, at the beginning). Both initial and final F are commonly used with other
discrete consonants.
In other languages, F can take on different values, such as 'ɸ' (voiceless bilabial fricative) in Spanish and Romanized Japanese or 'v' in
Welsh (which uses the "ff" digraph for IPA 'f'). Different digraphs can
also be used, such as "pf" in German for the affricate formed by 'p' and 'f'.
Alternate representations
Foxtrot represents the letter F in the NATO
phonetic alphabet.
In international Morse code the letter F is DitDitDahDit:
· · - ·
In Braille the letter F is represented as ⠋ (in Unicode), the dot pattern,
XX
X.
..
Computing
In Unicode the capital F is
codepoint U+0046 and the lowercase f is U+0066.
The ASCII code for capital F is 70 and for lowercase f is 102; or in binary 01000110 and 01100110, correspondingly.
The EBCDIC code for capital F is 198 and for lowercase f is 134.
The numeric character references in
HTML and XML are "F" and
"f" for upper and lower case respectively.
Ligatures
In formal typography, particularly for serifed fonts, minuscule f is one of the most commonly ligated letters.
Meanings for F
- In the atmosphere of Earth, the F layer is part of the ionosphere.
- In biochemistry, F is the symbol for phenylalanine.
- In calendars, F is often an abbreviation for Friday, or for the month February.
- In chemistry, F is the symbol for fluorine.
- In communications, F sometimes stands for fax number.
- In computer science, the F programming language is a subset of Fortran 95, intended for educational and scientific
use.
- In education, F is a failing grade
- In electronics, an F connector (i.e. used for inlet in cablemodems). See http://www.marine-electronics.net/techarticle/coax/f-con.htm
- In financial securities, F is
the NYSE ticker stock symbol for
Ford Motor Company.
- In grammar, f is often an abbreviation for the female grammatical gender.
- In information systems, F is often used as an
abbreviation for the female sex in personal data records.
- In international
licence plate codes, F stands for France.
- In mathematics, F is often used as a digit meaning fifteen in hexadecimal and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 16 or greater.
- In the Metric system,
- In music,
- In photography, F is the focal length (cf. F-number).
- In physics, F is usually the Faraday constant. f is sometimes the variable for frequency
- In printing, f. is an abbreviation for folio (page in a book), although it is more common to see ff. as the plural form.
- In propositional logic F is the symbol for false.
- In radiocommunication, F is one of the ITU prefixes allocated to France.
- In temperature, ºF is degrees Fahrenheit.
See also
Two-letter combinations
starting with F:
Letter-digit combinations starting with F:
-This article has been brought to you by BambooWeb and Wikipedia-
