Timeline of Zionism
Timeline of Zionism in the modern era:
- 1861 - The Zion Society is formed in Frankfurt, Germany.
- 1870 - 1890 - Russian group Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) sets up 30 Jewish farming colonies in Palestine, financially aided by Baron Edmond James de Rothschild. They were populated by European Jews with no common language; Eliezer ben Yehuda labored to revive Hebrew as a common spoken language. ()
- 1881 - 1884 - Russian pogroms kill tens of thousands of Jews. Hundreds of thousands of Jews flee.
- 1880 - 1920 - Two million Russian Jews migrate to the US.
- 1882 - 1903 - The first major wave of Jewish immigration (aliyah) to Palestine.
- 1894 - The Dreyfus affair radicalizes Theodore Herzl
- 1896 - Herzl writes Der Judenstaat (The State of Jews) advocating the creation of a Jewish state.
- 1896 - 1904 Herzl unsuccessfully approaches world leaders for assistance in the creation of a Jewish National Home.
- 1897 - The First Zionist Congress in Basel, Switzerland, urges "a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine" for Jews and establishes the World Zionist Organization (WZO).
- 1901 - Fifth Zionist Congress establishes the Jewish National Fund.
- 1902 - Herzl publishes the novel Altneuland (Old-New Land), which takes place in Palestine.
- 1903 -1906 - More pogroms in Russia
- 1903 - Controversial Uganda Proposal for settlement in East Africa splits the 6th Zionist Congress. A committee is created to look into it.
- 1904 - 1914 - Second aliyah.
- 1917 - The British gain control of Palestine as the Ottoman Empire collapses in World War I.
- 1917 - The British issue the Balfour Declaration, lending support for "the establishment in Palestine for a national home for the Jewish people".
- 1918 - 1920 - More pogroms during Russian Civil War
- 1919 - 1923 - Third aliyah.
- 1920 - The San Remo conference in Italy establishes the British Mandate of Palestine.
- 1920 - Histadrut founded.
- 1920 - Haganah founded.
- 1921 - Chaim Weizmann becomes new President of the WZO at the 12th Zionist Congress (the first since World War I).
- 1921 - Autonomy is given to Transjordan under Crown Prince Abdullah. Jewish settlement is outlawed there.
- 1922 - The text from the San Remo Conference is confirmed by the League of Nations.
- 1923 - Britain gives the Golan Heights to the French mandate of Syria.
- 1924 - 1928 - Fourth aliyah.
- 1932 - 1939 - Fifth aliyah.
- 1933 - 1945 - Jews flee Germany because of persecution under the Nazi government. Jews are turned away because of the British limit on immigrants.
- 1936 - The British propose a partition between Jewish and Arab areas. It is accepted by the Zionists, but rejected by the Arab parties (See ).
- 1936 - 1939 - Great Uprising by Arabs against British rule and Jewish immigration.
- 1939 - The British government issues the 'White Paper' setting an absolute limit of 75,000 on future Jewish immigration to Palestine (See ).
- 1947 - On November 29, the United Nations approves partition of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state. It is accepted by the Jews, but rejected by the Arabs (See .
- 1947 - November 30, guerrilla war starts between Jewish forces, centered around the Haganah and Palestinian Arab forces.
- 1948 - Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, May 14, 1948
- 1948 - May 15. Five neighboring Arab countries invade, and the 1948 Arab-Israeli war ensues.
- 1975 - The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 equates Zionism with Racism.
- 1991 - The UN GA resolution 3379 is revoked by Resolution 4686.
See also
