Puranas

The Puranas are part of Hindu Smriti; these religious scriptures discuss devotion and mythology. They were written c.400-1000; the Puranas primarily focus upon Shakti, Shiva, and Vishnu. Perhaps, the best known Purana is the Bhagavata-Purana.

Heaven, Hell and other worlds in the Puranas

Puranic cosmology provided for belief in existence of numerous worlds, planets and planes of existence. Of the multitude of worlds, heaven (Svarga) and hell (Narka) stand out as nearest and most relevant to our own planet, the Earth. Svarga or Heaven is the planet of the Demigods ruled by King Indra. On Svarga, the ability to enjoy physical senses is enhanced while Life in Narka, the netherworld ruled by the King of Justice, Dharamraj Yama is subjected to pain and misery. It should be noted that both Heaven and Hell are temporary abodes for life and once the Karma that is responsible for birth in Heaven and Hell is exhausted, the soul transmigrates to other forms and worlds of existence.

Two of the other most important worlds in Puranic Cosmology are the 'Realm of Brahma', the highest possible plane of existence where Souls of extraordinary Karma reside before attaining Moksha, and The Vaikuntha, or the Realm of Vishnu. However, it is notable that this spheres of existence are seen as temporal in that those who find themselves in those spheres of existence eventually live out their karmas and return to earth in another 'bid' to attain moksha, which transcends such ultimately limited worlds.

There are many variations and different levels of the temporal planets as seen by different Puranas, eighteen of which are considered primary and often have wildly conflicting views on the nature of the phenomenal universe.

Topics in Hinduism
Primary Scriptures:	Vedas | Upanishads | Itihasa (Ramayana & Mahabharata) | Bhagavad Gita
Other texts:	Tantras | Sutras | Puranas | Brahma Sutras | Hatha Yoga Pradipika | Yoga Sutra
Concepts:	Brahman | Dharma | Karma | Moksha | Maya Punarjanma | Samsara
Schools & Systems:	Early Hinduism | Samkhya | Nyaya | Vaisheshika Yoga | Mimamsa | Vedanta | Tantra | Bhakti
Traditional Practices:	Jyotish | Ayurveda
Rituals:	Aarti | Darshan | Puja | Satsang | Thaal | Yagnya
Gurus and Saints:	Sankara | Ramakrishna | Vivekananda | Aurobindo Ramana Maharshi | Sivananda
Denominations:	Vaishnavism | Shaivism | Shaktism Agama Hindu Dharma | Contemporary movements