Pauline Epistles
The term Pauline epistles refers to the thirteen or fourteen letters in the New Testament of the Christian Bible traditionally believed to have been written by the apostle Paul. The authorship of some of these letters ("epistles") has been called into question by more recent scholarship; these works are marked '(*)' in the list below. The theology of the Pauline epistles is in relative harmony, and those who doubt that some of the epistles are genuine works of Paul sometimes suggest they were written by some of his disciples.
The Pauline epistles are:
All of the epistles except the epistle to the Hebrews cite Paul as the author. The epistle to the Hebrews is something of a special case, being anonymous. Although other authors have been suggested, the vocabulary and theology are quite in harmony with the rest of the Pauline works. Some classifications do not include Hebrews as a Pauline epistle, listing it instead with the general epistles.
The signed Pauline epistles may be classified into two sections: Paul's letters to new Christian churches of the first century (Romans through Second Thessalonians), and Paul's letters to individuals (First Timothy through Philemon). The former are named after the city or region the receiving church or churches were based in; the latter are named after the individual to whom the epistle was addressed. When more than one epistle was addressed to the same recipient, they are distinguished with "first" and "second," or else with Roman or Arabic numerals (e.g. II Timothy).
Paul's letters to churches are concerned with particular aspects of church doctrine Paul felt to be important to the recipient congregation. In most cases these letters were addressed to churches Paul had founded himself, and he wrote his letters to supply teachings he had not been able to give in person, or to correct misunderstandings of his doctrine. In some cases he answered specific questions put to him by letter or messenger. One prominent teaching in many of Paul's letters to churches is the problem of Judaizing teachers; much controversy existed in the early churches as to how much if any of the religion of the Old Testament should be maintained in Christianity. In many cases such teachers arrived shortly after Paul's departure from a city where he had founded a church and began teaching the church to observe Old Testament religious laws that Paul did not believe were necessary for Christians, particularly Gentile Christians. While most of the letters to churches are concerned with a variety of topics, this is one common issue that many of them address.
Paul's letters to individuals are sometimes called the Pastoral epistles as most of them are addressed to young preachers and are concerned with the shepherding of the church. Timothy and Titus were two of Paul's fellow missionaries; the letters Paul wrote to them give advice and commandments for Christian preachers and for the appointing of bishops and deacons. The letter to Philemon is the most personal of all Paul's letters, being addressed to the owner of a runaway slave whom Paul had converted.
The Pauline epistles are also noteworthy for the personal relationships they mention. Paul greets many individuals by name, often giving details about the value of these friendships and the encouragement they gave him.
