Max Planck Society
The Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (abbreviated MPG, meaning Max Planck society for the advancement of science) is a network of elite scientific research institutes in Germany. The MPG is named after Max Planck, the famous German physicist who initiated quantum mechanics. It is the successor of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (Emperor William Society) which took the role the MPG has now in pre-war Germany. The society's logo features Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom.
Today the MPG comprises of 80 institutes, all called "Max Planck-Institut (MPI) für (for) ..." which are distributed all over Germany (and in serveral other countries) and cover many fields of fundamental scientific research. The institutes have a total staff of approx. 12,000 permanent employees plus around 9,000 scientists working there only temporally.
The society is organised as an eingetragener Verein (basically a private non-profit organisation), but is chiefly run from public money (50% from the national government's research ministry, 50% from the state governments). Its budget for 2004 was about 1,250 million euro, with 95% supplied by state and especially federal governments of Germany and 5% by donations and earnings.
Max Planck institutes often cooperate closely with the universities nearby, but are independent of them (and, as stated above, funded partially by the national government, while universities are run exclusively by the states). This allows their staff to concentrate on research, without teaching obligations. The Max-Planck-Instituts are also better equipped and funded than university research departments, and hence world-leading scientific institutions.
Apart from the institutes, there are the International Max Planck Research Schools, Independent Junior Research Groups and other facilities.
Other notable networks of publicly funded research institutes in Germany are the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft and the Helmholtz-Gesellschaft.
The MPG's website is http://www.mpg.de
Max Planck Institutes
Here is a list of the institutes, the names translated into English:
- Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy, Katlenburg-Lindau
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig
- Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Garching
- Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle/Saale
- Bibliotheca Hertziana - Max Planck Institute of Art History, Rome
- Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena
- Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt/Main
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer Institute), Göttingen
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/Main
- Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology, Seewiesen
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Köln
- Max Planck Institute for Vascular Biology, Münster
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (Otto Hahn Institute), Mainz
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Golm b. Potsdam
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena
- Max Planck Project Group Common Goods, Law, Politics and Economics, Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law, Freiburg
- Max Planck Institute for Cell Biology, Ladenburg b. Heidelberg
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Hanover
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, Halle/Saale
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen
- Max Planck Institute for Research into Economic Systems, Jena
- The Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the MPG, Tübingen
- Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG, Berlin
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Golm b. Potsdam
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin
- Max Planck Institute for History, Göttingen
- Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin
- Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH, Düsseldorf
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken
- Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law, München
- Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg
- Max Planck Institute for Kohlenforschung (Coal Research) (rechtsfähige Stiftung), Mülheim/Ruhr
- Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz (Institute of Art History) - Max Planck Institute]], Firenze
- Max Planck Institute for Limnology, Plön
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Leipzig
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg
- Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, Stuttgart
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, Halle/Saale
- Max Planck Working Groups for Structural Molecular Biology at DESY, Hamburg
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Martinsried
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Köln
- Max Planck Institute for Neuropsychological Research, Leipzig
- Max Planck Research Centre for Ornithology, Andechs und Radolfzell
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm
- Max Planck Institute for Physics (Werner Heisenberg Institute), München
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden
- Max Planck Institute for the Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Dortmund
- Max Planck Institute for physiological and clinical Research, Bad Nauheim
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching and Greifswald
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz
- Max Planck Institute for Foreign Private and Private International Law, Hamburg
- Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, München
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen
- Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research, München
- Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Garching
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for European History of Law, Frankfurt/Main
- Max Planck Institute for Radiation Chemistry, Mülheim/Ruhr
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Köln
- Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Social Law, München
- Max Planck Institute für Hydrodynamics, Göttingen