List of assassinated persons

This is an incomplete list of persons that were assassinated for political and other reasons, and who have individual entries.

By region (chronologically)

Please note the chronological sorting order.

Assassinations in Afghanistan

• Habibullah Khan, (1919), emir of Afghanistan.
• Mohammed Nader Shah, (1933), king of Afghanistan since 1929.
• Mohammed Daoud Khan, (1978), president of Afghanistan killed in communist coup.
• Adolph Dubs, (1979), U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan.
• Nur Mohammad Taraki, (1979), communist president.
• Hafizullah Amin, (1979), communist Prime Minister of Afghanistan killed during Soviet invasion.
• Mohammed Najibullah, (1996), president of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992, killed by the Taliban during the capture of Kabul.
• Ahmed Shah Massoud, (2001), leader of the Northern Alliance.
• Abdul Haq, (2001), Northern Alliance commander killed by remnants of the Taliban.
• Abdul Qadir, (2002), vice-president of Afghanistan.
• Abdul Rahman, (2002), Afghan Minister for Civil Aviation and Tourism.

Assassinations in Africa

• Hiempsal, (117 BC), co-ruler of Numidia.
• Pompey the Great, (48 BC), Roman politician killed in Egypt.
• Shaka, (1828), king of the Zulus.
• Boutros Ghali, (1910), Prime Minister of Egypt.
• Sir Lee Stack, (1924), governor-general of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
• Walter Edward Guinness, Lord Moyne, (1944), the UK's Minister Resident in the Middle East; killed in Cairo by the Stern Gang.
• Nukrashi Pasha, (1948), Prime Minister of Egypt.
• Patrice Lumumba, (1961), Prime Minister of the Congo.
• Louis Rwagasore, (1961), Burundian prince and prime minister.
• Sylvanus Olympio, (1963), president of Togo.
• Pierre Ngendandumwe, (1965), Burundian prime minister.
• Joseph Bamina, (1965), Burundian prime minister.
• Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, (1966), Prime Minister of Nigeria killed during military coup.
• Hendrik Verwoerd, (1966), Prime Minister of South Africa, stabbed in parliament by Dimitri Tsafendas.
• Ali Shermarke, (1969), president of Somalia.
• Ben Kiwanuka, (1972), chief minister of Uganda from 1961 until 1962.
• Amílcar Cabral, (1973), Pan-African intellectual
• Richard Ratsimandrava, (1975), president of Madagascar killed just days after taking power in military coup.
• François (Ngarta) Tombalbaye, (1975), president of Chad.
• Murtala Ramat Mohammed, (1976), President of Nigeria.
• Marien Ngouabi, (1977), president of Congo (Brazzaville).
• Ali Soilih, (1978), president of Comoros.
• William R. Tolbert, Jr., (1980), president of Liberia killed in military coup.
• Anwar Sadat, (1981), President of Egypt.
• Dian Fossey, (1985), primatologist
• Thomas Sankara, (1987), military leader of Burkina Faso.
• Ahmed Abdallah, (1989), president of Comoros.
• Samuel Doe, (1990), president of Liberia. A semiliterate army officer who himself overthrew and allowed the assassination of William Tolbert. The instability following his death led to the outbreak of full-scale war.
• Muhammad Boudiaf, (1992), president of Algeria.
• Chris Hani, (1993), leader of the South African Communist Party.
• Agathe Uwilingiyimana (1994), Prime Minister of Rwanda killed one day after genocide began
• Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, (1999), President of Niger.
• Laurent-Désiré Kabila, (2001), President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1997-2001.
• Bola Ige, (2001), justice minister of Nigeria.
• Robert Guéï, (2002), military ruler of Côte d'Ivoire from 1999 to 2000.
• Emile Boga Doudou, (2002), interior minister of Côte d'Ivoire killed on the same day as Guéï as the country plunged into civil war and street fighting occurred in the cities.

Assassinations in Canada

• Thomas D'Arcy McGee, (1868), Canadian father of Confederation.
• Sergio Pérez Castillo, (1968), Cuban diplomat killed by anti-Castro forces in Montreal
• Pierre Laporte, (1970), Quebec Minister of Labour.
• Atilla Altžkat, (1982), Turkish diplomat assassinated by Armenian nationalists in Ottawa
• Tara Singh Hayer, (1995), journalist killed by Sikh separatists

Assassinations in France

• Henri III, (1589), King of France.
• Henri IV, (1610), King of France.
• Jean-Paul Marat, (1793), revolutionary.
• Marie François Sadi Carnot, (1894), President of France.
• Jean Jaurès, (1914), politician, pacifist.
• Paul Doumer, (1932), President of France.
• Louis Barthou, (1934), foreign minister of France killed along with Alexander of Yugoslavia at Marseille.
• Ernst vom Rath, (1938), German diplomat in France.
• Pierre-Jean Massimi, (1983), secretary of the département Haute-Corse.
• René Audran, (1985), General.
• Georges Besse, (1986), Renault executive.
• André Mécili ("Ali Mécili"), (1987), Algerian opposition leader, in France.
• Dulcie September, (1988), African National Congress representative, in Paris.
• Shahpur Bakhtiar, (1991), Prime Minister of Iran briefly in 1979, stabbed to death at his home in France.
• Claude Erignac, (1998), prefect of Corsica.

Assassinations in Germany

• Konrad von Marburg, (1233), inquisitor.
• Matthias Erzberger, (1921), politician.
• Walther Rathenau, (1922), industrialist and politician.
• Dr Erich Klausener, (1934), Minister of Police
• Gustav von Kahr, (1934), politician
• General Kurt von Schleicher, (1934), advisor to President Paul von Hindenburg
• Günter von Drenkmann, (1974), Berlin chief justice.
• Siegfried Buback, (1977), German attorney general.
• Jürgen Ponto, (1977), CEO Dresdner Bank.
• Hanns-Martin Schleyer, (1977), president of the German employers' organization.
• Heinz-Herbert Karry, (1981), Minister of Economy in Hesse.
• Ernst Zimmermann, (1985), industrialist.
• Karl Heinz Beckurts, (1986), Siemens executive.
• Gerold von Braunmühl, (1986), official in the German Foreign Ministry.
• Alfred Herrhausen, (1989), Deutsche Bank CEO.
• Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, (1991), director of Treuhandanstalt for former East Germany

Assassinations in India

• Mohandas Gandhi, (1948), Independence leader.
• Indira Gandhi, (1984), Indian prime minister.
• Rajiv Gandhi, (1991), former Indian prime minister, son of Indira.
• Beant Singh, (1995), chief minister of Punjab.
• Phoolan Devi, (2001), bandit queen turned politician and activist for people of lower castes.

Assassinations in Iran

• Xerxes I, (465 BC), Persian king killed by guards.
• Xerxes II , (423 BC), Persian king killed by his half-brother Sogdianus.
• Sogdianus, (423 BC), Persian king killed by his half-brother Darius II.
• Nader Shah, (1747), Shah of Persia.
• Ali Razmara, (1951), Prime Minister of Iran.
• Hassan Ali Mansur, (1965), Prime Minister of Iran.
• Ayatollah Mohammad Hossein Beheshti, (1981), killed along with over 60 others in bomb.
• Ali Rajai, (1981), president and
• Javid Bahonar, (1981), Prime Minister of Iran respectively, killed 30 August, just weeks after taking office.

Assassinations in Ireland and the U.K.

• King Edmund I, (946), king of England, stabbed at a banquet.
• Thomas Becket, (1170), Archbishop of Canterbury.
• Lord Darnley, (1567), Henry Stuart, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots
• Archbishop Sharp, (1679)
• Spencer Perceval, (1812), Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, only British prime minister to be assassinated.
• Charles Lenox Richardson, (1862), English diplomat.
• Lord Frederick Cavendish, (1882), Chief Secretary for Ireland.
  • Thomas Henry Burke, (1882), Permanent Under Secretary for Ireland.
• Sir Henry Hughes Wilson, (1922), British field marshal, Conservative politician.
• Michael Collins, (1922), President of the Provisional Government and "Old IRA" guerrilla leader.
• Kevin O'Higgins, (1927), Irish politician.
• Ross McWhirter, (1975), co-author of the Guinness Book of Records and far right wing political activist.
• Christopher Ewart-Biggs, (1976), British ambassador to Ireland.
• Georgi Markov, (1978), Bulgarian dissident.
• Airey Neave, (1979), British Conservative politician.
• Lord Mountbatten of Burma, (1979), Vice-admiral, last viceroy of India.
• Rev. Robert Bradford, (1981), Unionist MP in Northern Ireland.
• Ian Gow, (1990), British Conservative politician.

Assassinations in Japan

• Emperor Sushun of Japan, (592), Emperor of Japan.
• The Sogas, (645), Japanese political family.
• Mimura Iechika, daimyo, feudal leader in Japan.
• Matsudaira Hirotada, (1549), feudal leader in Japan.
• Ouchi Yoshitaka, (1551), daimyo, feudal leader in Japan.
• Oda Nobuyuki, (1557), Japanese samurai, younger brother of Oda Nobunaga.
• Ashikaga Yoshiteru, (1565), Shogun, feudal leader in Japan.
• Yamanaka Shikanosuke, (1578), Japanese samurai.
• Oda Nobunaga, (1582), samurai warlord.
• Shimazu Nariaki, (1858), Japanese daimyo in Satsuma, now Kagoshima prefecture.
• Hashimoto Sanai, (1859), Japanese political activist.
• Ii Naosuke, (1860), Japanese politician.
• Tokugawa Nariaki, (1860), Japanese daimyo, a relative of Tokugawa shoguns.
• Serizawa Kamo, (1863), a chief of Shinsen-gumi.
• Yoshida Toyo, (1863), Japanese political activist.
• Ikeuchi Daigaku, (1864), Japanese politician.
• Kusaka Gennai, (1864), Japanese politician.
• Sakuma Shozan, (1864), Japanese politician.
• Sakamoto Ryoma, (1867), Japanese author.
• Yokoi Shonai, (1869), Japanese political activist.
• Sirosawa Saneomi, (1871), Japanese political activist.
• Okubo Toshimichi, (1878), Japanese Prime Minister.
• Ito Hirobumi, (1909), Japanese Resident-General of Korea.
• Hara Takashi, (1921), Japanese Prime Minister.
• Hamaguchi Osachi. (1931), Japanese Prime Minister.
• Takuma Dan, (1932), Japanese zaibatsu leader.
• Inukai Tsuyoshi, (1932), Japanese Prime Minister.
• Takahashi Korekiyo, (1936), Japanese author.
• Isoroku Yamamoto, (1943), Admiral.
• Inejiro Asanuma, (1960), Socialist Party of Japan chairman.

Assassinations in Mexico

• Francisco I. Madero, (1913), President of Mexico.
• Emiliano Zapata, (1919), revolutionary.
• Venustiano Carranza, (1920), President of Mexico.
• Francisco "Pancho" Villa, (1923), revolutionary.
• Álvaro Obregón, (1928), President-elect.
• Leon Trotsky, (1940), Russian communist leader.
• Luis Donaldo Colosio, (1994), Presidential candidate.

Assassinations in The Netherlands

• William I of Orange, (1584), leader of the Dutch war of independence from Spanish rule (Eighty Years War)
• Johan de Witt, (1672), politician
• Pim Fortuyn, (2002), publicist and politician, leader of his political party.

Assassinations in Russia

• Peter III of Russia, (1762), Emperor of Russia.
• Paul of Russia, (1801), Emperor of Russia.
• Alexander II of Russia, (1881), Emperor of All the Russias.
• Dmitri Sipiagin, (1902), Russian Interior Minister.
• Vyacheslav Plehve, (1904), Russian Interior Minister.
• Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov, (1904), Governor-General of Finland.
• Peter Stolypin, (1911), Russian Prime Minister.
• Grigori Rasputin, (1916), friar, adventurer, mystic wonder-worker.
• Wilhelm Mirbach, (1918), German ambassador in Moscow.
• Nicholas II of Russia, (1918), deposed Tsar.
• Sergei Kirov, (1934), Bolshevik party leader in Leningrad.
• Valentin Tsvetkov, (2002), governor of Magadan.
• Georgy Tal, (2004), leading Russian business figure.
• Paul Klebnikov, (2004), editor of the Russian edition of Forbes Magazine

Assassinations in the United States

• Joseph Smith, Jr., (1844), Mormon leader, Presidential candidate.
• Henry Heusken, (1861), American diplomat (accompanying Townsend Harris from Amsterdam).
• Abraham Lincoln, (1865), President of the United States.
• Thomas Hindman, (1868), Confederate General.
• Edward Canby, (1873), Union General, leader of a peace confrence
• Crazy Horse, (1877), Oglala Sioux chief killed by American troops.
• James Garfield, (1881), President of the United States.
• William McKinley, (1901), President of the United States.
• Frank Steunenberg 1905 former governor of Idaho.
• Don Mellett, (1926), newspaper editor and campaigner against organized crime
• Anton Cermak, (1933), mayor of Chicago.
• Huey P. Long, (1935), Louisiana senator and former governor.
• John F. Kennedy, (1963), President of the United States.
• Lee Harvey Oswald, (1963), alleged assassin of John F. Kennedy.
• Medgar Evers, (1963), U.S. civil rights activist.
• Malcolm X, (1965), (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, born Malcolm Little), leader.
• Robert F. Kennedy, (1968), Presidential candidate.
• Martin Luther King Jr., (1968), U.S. civil rights activist.
• Orlando Letelier, (1976), Chilean ambassador to the United States under the administration of Salvador Allende.
• Harvey Milk, (1978), gay rights campaigner and city supervisor of San Francisco, California.
• George Moscone, (1978), Mayor of San Francisco killed along with Milk.
• John Lennon, (1980), singer and former Beatle.
• Don Aronow, (1987), inventor of the cigarette boat.
• Meir Kahane, (1990), leader of the ultra-Zionist Jewish Defense League.
• Tupac Shakur, (1996), rapper and poet.
• Tommy Burks, (1998), Tennessee State Senator.
• Konstantinos "Gus" Boulis, (2001), founder of Miami Subs and SunCruz Casinos.
• Jason "Jam Master Jay" Mizell, (2002), influential hip-hop dj.

Assassinations in Yugoslavia (and successor states)

• Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie, killed by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, (1914). See: Assassination in Sarajevo
• Milorad Drašković, (1921), Yugoslav interior minister killed by Communist Alija Alijagić.
• Croatian MPs Đuro Basariček, Pavle Radić and Stjepan Radić killed in the Parliament of Kingdom of SHS by Serbian radical MP Puniša Račić, (1928).
• King Alexander of Yugoslavia, (1934).
• Ivan Kramberger, (1992), Slovenian presidential candidate.
• Irfan Ljubijankić, (1995), foreign minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• Željko Ražnatović ("Arkan"), (2000), Serb paramilitary leader.
• Pavle Bulatović, (2000), defense minister of Yugoslavia.
• Boško Perošević, (2000), prefect of Vojvodina.
• Zoran Đinđić, (2003), Prime Minister of Serbia killed by organized crime.

Assassinations in other regions (chronologically backwards)

Political assassinations

Please note the sorting order: chronologically backwards.

Heads of state and government killed in office

• Birendra, (2001), King of Nepal (along with Queen Aiswary and 9 other members of the royal family).
• Vasgen Sarkissian, (1999), Prime Minister of Armenia.
• Yitzhak Rabin, (1995), Prime Minister of Israel (1974-1977 and 1992-1995), shared 1994 Nobel Peace Prize.
• Ranasinghe Premadasa, (1993), President of Sri Lanka.
• René Moawad, (1989), president of Lebanon.
• Rashid Karami, (1987), Prime Minister of Lebanon.
• Olof Palme, (1986), Swedish prime minister.
• Haruo Remeliik, (1985), president of the Pacific island of Palau.
• Ziaur Rahman, (1981), president of Bangladesh.
• Park Chung Hee, (1979), President of South Korea.
• Ahmad al-Ghashmi, (1978), president of North Yemen killed by bomb along with envoy from South Yemen.
• Ibrahim al-Hamadi, (1977), president of North Yemen.
• Faisal of Saudi Arabia, (1975), king.
• Mujibur Rahman, (1975), president of Bangladesh.
• Salvador Allende, (1973), President of Chile, died in a violent coup, most likely killed by General Pinochet and CIA's forces.
• Luis Carrero Blanco, (1973), Spanish prime minister.
• Sir Richard Sharples, (1973), governor of Bermuda.
• Wasfi at-Tall, (1971), Prime Minister of Jordan.
• Ngo Dinh Diem, (1963), first president of South Vietnam.
• Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, (1961), Dominican Republic dictator.
• S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, (1959), Sri Lankan socialist prime minister killed by Buddhist monk Talduwe Somarama.
• Faisal II, (1958), King of Iraq,
• Nuri Pasha as-Said, (1958), Iraqi politician, and
• Ibrahim Hashim, (1958), Jordanian politician, prime minister several times between the 1930s and shortly before his death - the previous three were all killed during the July 14 military coup in Iraq.
• Carlos Castillo Armas, (1957), president of Guatemala.
• Anastasio Somoza, (1956), president of Nicaragua.
• Liaquat Ali Khan, (1951), Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• Abdullah I, (1951), King of Jordan.
• Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, (1950), chairman of the military junta of Venezuela.
• Yahya ibn Mohammad, (1948), imam of Yemen.
• Benito Mussolini, (1945), fascist Prime Minister of Italy.
• Armand Calinescu, (1939), Prime Minister of Romania.
• Engelbert Dollfuss, (1934), chancellor of Austria.
• Luis Sánchez Cerro, (1933), president of Peru.
• Ion Duca, (1933), prime minister of Romania.
• Celal Pasha, (1929), former Ottoman Minister for the Navy
• Gabriel Narutowicz, (1922), President of Poland.
• Eduardo Dato Iradier, {1921}, Prime Minister of Spain.
• Talat Pasha, 1921, Former Ottoman Interior Minister
• Karl Graf Stürgkh, (1916), Prime Minister of Austria.
• George I of Greece, (1913), king.
• Charles of Portugal, (1908), king.
• Umberto I of Italy, (1900), king.
• Ulises Heureaux, (1899), president of the Dominican Republic.
• Stefan Stambolov, (1895), Prime Minister of Bulgaria
• Gabriel García Moreno, (1875), president of Ecuador known for his support of the Catholic church.
• Ioannis Capodistrias, (1831), first president of Greece.
• Pius VIII, (1830), Pope.
• Jean-Jacques Dessalines, (1806), Emperor of Haiti
• Gustav III, (1792), King of Sweden.
• Conrad of Montferrat, (1192), King of Jerusalem, leader in the Third Crusade.
• William I of Orange, (1584), stadtholder.
• Raymond II of Tripoli, (1152), count of Tripoli.
• Zengi, (1146), ruler of Aleppo and Mosul and founder of the Zengid Dynasty.
• Umar ibn al-Khattab, (644), second caliph
• Numerian, (284), Roman emperor.
• Carinus, (284), Roman emperor.
• Probus, (282), Roman emperor.
• Florianus, (276), Roman emperor.
• Aurelian, (275), Roman emperor.
• Laelianus, (268), Gallic emperor.
• Postumus, (268), Gallic emperor.
• Gallienus, (268), Roman emperor.
• Trebonianus Gallus, (253), Roman emperor.
• Gordian III, (244), Roman emperor.
• Khosrow I, (238), Armenian king.
• Pupienus, (238), Roman emperor.
• Balbinus, (238), Roman emperor.
• Maximinus Thrax, (238), Roman emperor.
• Alexander Severus, (235), Roman emperor.
• Heliogabalus, (222), Roman emperor.
• Caracalla, (217), Roman emperor.
• Publius Septimius Geta, (212), Roman emperor.
• Didius Julianus, (193), Roman emperor.
• Pertinax, (193), Roman emperor.
• Commodus, (192), Roman emperor.
• Domitian, (96), Roman emperor.
• Galba, (69), Roman emperor.
• Vitellius, (69), Roman emperor.
• Claudius, (54), Roman emperor.
• Caligula, (41), Roman emperor.
• Gaius Julius Caesar, (44 BC), common form of reference to Julius Caesar.
• Antiochus VI Dionysus, (138 BC), Seleucid heir to the throne.
• Alexander Balas, (146 BC), Seleucid king.
• Seleucus IV Philopator, (176 BC), Seleucid king.
• Seleucus III Ceraunus, (223 BC), Seleucid king.
• Antiochus II Theos, (246 BC), Seleucid king.
• Tidas, (252 BC), tyrant of Sicyon.
• Cleon of Sicyon, (272 BC), tyrant of Sicyon.
• Seleucus I Nicator, (281 BC), founder of the Seleucid dynasty.
• Philip II of Macedon, (336 BC), king of Macedon.
• Hipparchus, (514 BC), tyrant of Athens.
• Servius Tullius, (534 BC), Etruscan king.
• Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, (579 BC), Roman king.
• Titus Tatius, (748 BC), Sabine king.

Other political assassinations

• Ivens Buffett, (2004), Deputy Chief Minister of Norfolk Island
• Ezzedine Salim, (2004), chairman of the Iraqi Governing Council.
• Akhmad Kadyrov, (2004), Kremlin-backed President of the Chechen Republic.
• Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, (2004), leader of Hamas.
• Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, (2004), leader of Hamas.
• Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, (2004), separatist President of Chechnya from 1996 until 1997.
• Roger Short, (2003), British Consul-General in Istanbul
• Aquila al-Hashimi, (2003), Iraqi Governing Council member.
• Anna Lindh, (2003) Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs.
• Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, (2003), ayatollah.
• Sérgio Vieira de Mello, (2003), UN Special Representative in Iraq.
• Mohammed Ahmad al-Rasheed, (2003), Saudi Arabian ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire.
• Marco Biagi, (2002), Italian Labor Ministry advisor.
• Siddiq Khan Kanju, (