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Family dictatorship

A family dictatorship is a form of dictatorship that operates much like an absolute monarchy, yet occurs in a nominally republican state.

When the dictator of a family dictatorship dies, one of his relatives (usually his son) becomes the new ruler of the country. This transition often occurs after years of "grooming" the dictator's successor as heir apparent.

Successful transitions of power

• England: Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658) succeeded by his son Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)
• Nicaragua: Anastasio Somoza García (1937-1947, 1950-1956) succeeded by his son Luis Somoza Debayle (1956-1963). There was also a third Somoza president, Anastasio Somoza Debayle (1967-1972, 1974-1979), though he did not directly succeed the other two.
• Haiti: François Duvalier (1957-1971) succeeded by his son Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971-1986)
• Republic of China (from 1949 on Taiwan): Chiang Kai-shek (1928-1975) indirectly succeeded by his son Chiang Ching-kuo (1975-1988)
• North Korea: Kim Il Sung (1948-1994) succeeded by his son Kim Jong Il (1994- )
• Syria: Hafez al-Assad (1971-2000) succeeded by his son Bashar al-Assad (2000- )
• Congo-Kinshasa: Laurent Kabila (1997-2001), succeeded by his son Joseph Kabila (2001-)
• Azerbaijan: Heydar Aliyev (1993-2003) succeeded by his son Ilham Aliyev (2003- )
• Singapore: Lee Kuan Yew (1965-1990) indirectly succeeded by his son Lee Hsien Loong (2004-)

Unsuccessful transitions of power

• Iraq: Saddam Hussein's heir apparent was his son Qusay Hussein

Upcoming family dictatorships

• Cuba: Fidel Castro rumored to transfer power to his brother Raúl Castro
• North Korea: Kim Jong Il rumored to transfer power to his son Kim Jong Nam
• Maldives: Maumoon Abdul Gayoom likely to transfer power to his daughter Dunya Maumoon.

See also: List of Political Families