20th-century philosophy
The 20th century brought with it upheavals that produced a series of conflicts within philosophy over the basis of knowledge, with classical
certainties thought to be overthrown, and new social, economic, scientific and logical problems, 20th-century philosophy was set
for a series of attempts to reform and preserve, and to alter or abolish, older knowledge systems. Seminal figures include
Sigmund Freud, Friedrich Nietszche, Ernst Mach, John Dewey. Epistemology and its
basis was a central concern, as seen from the work of Martin
Heidegger, Karl Popper, Claude Levi-Strauss and Bertrand Russell.
Phenomenologically oriented metaphysics undergirded existentialism and finally
postmodern philosophy.
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