1st April
April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining.
Events
- 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
- 1789 - In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
- 1826 - Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
- 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
- 1867 - Singapore becomes British crown colony.
- 1873 - The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
- 1891 - The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.*1918 - The Royal Flying Corps is replaced by the Royal Air Force.
- 1924 - Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch." However he was only in jail for nine months.
- 1928 - KCR British Section was no longer run.
- 1933 - The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
- 1934 - Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
- 1937 - Aden becomes a British crown colony.
- 1945 - World War II: Battle of Okinawa - United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
- 1946 - A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
- 1948 - Cold War: Berlin Airlift - Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
- 1949 - Newfoundland joins Canada
- 1949 - Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China held unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
- 1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
- 1960 - The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
- 1967 - The United States Department of Transportation begins operation.
- 1969 - The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
- 1970 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
- 1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
- 1976 - Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
- 1979 - Iran's government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
- 1996 - University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
- 1999 - Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
- 2001 - An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People's Republic of China and is detained.
- 2001 - Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
- 2001 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
- 2002 - The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
- 2004 - George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
- 2004 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec is celebrated; Michael Hendricks and René Leboeuf wed in Montreal.
Births
- 1578 - William Harvey, physician, discovered blood circulation (d. 1657)
- 1776 - Sophie Germain, mathematician (d. 1831)
- 1815 - Otto von Bismarck, politician (d. 1898)
- 1815 - Edward Clark, governor of Texas (d. 1880)
- 1834 - James Fisk, entrepreneur (d. 1872)
- 1866 - Ferruccio Busoni, pianist and composer (d. 1924)
- 1873 - Sergei Rachmaninoff, composer, pianist, and conductor (d. 1943)
- 1875 - Edgar Wallace, writer (d. 1932)
- 1883 - Lon Chaney, actor (d. 1930)
- 1885 - Wallace Beery, actor (d. 1949)
- 1895 - Alberta Hunter, singer (d. 1984)
- 1899 - Gustavs Celmins, politician (d. 1968)
- 1901 - Whittaker Chambers, Hiss case witness (d. 1961)
- 1908 - Abraham Maslow, psychologist (d. 1970)
- 1915 - Otto Wilhelm Fischer, actor
- 1920 - Toshirô Mifune, actor (d. 1997)
- 1922 - William Manchester, writer
- 1926 - Anne McCaffrey, science fiction author
- 1928 - Jane Powell, dancer, actress, singer
- 1929 - Milan Kundera, author
- 1931 - Rolf Hochhuth, writer
- 1932 - Gordon Jump, actor, "Maytag Repairman" (d. 2003)
- 1932 - Debbie Reynolds, actress
- 1948 - Jimmy Cliff, musician
- 1949 - Gil Scott-Heron, musician, composer
- 1953 - Barry Sonnenfeld, producer, director
- 1955 - Ronnie Burk, surrealist and AIDS activist (d. 2003)
- 1971 - Method Man, musician
Deaths
- 1204 - Eleanor of Aquitaine, wife of Henry II of England (b. c. 1122)
- 1872 - Frederick Maurice, English theologian (b. 1805)
- 1914 - Rube Waddell, Baseball Hall of Famer
- 1917 - Scott Joplin, musician, composer (b. 1868)
- 1922 - Emperor Karl of Austria (b. 1887)
- 1930 - Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876)
- 1946 - Noah Beery, actor
- 1947 - King George II of Greece (b. 1890)
- 1950 - Charles R. Drew, physician (b. 1904)
- 1966 - Flann O'Brien, humorist (b. 1911)
- 1968 - Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist (b. 1908)
- 1976 - Max Ernst, artist (b. 1891)
- 1984 - Marvin Gaye, singer (b. 1939)
- 1991 - Martha Graham, dancer, choreographer (b. 1894)
- 1993 - Alan Kulwicki, NASCAR driver, 1992 Winston Cup Champion
- 2003 - Leslie Cheung, actor (b. 1956)
- 2003 - Hyosuke Kujiraoka, a former vice speaker of the House of Representatives
Holidays and observances
March 31 - April 2 - March 1 - May 1 -- listing of all days
