1877

Years: 1874 1875 1876 - 1877 - 1878 1879 1880

Decades: 1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s

Centuries: 18th century - 19th century - 20th century 1877 in art 1877 in literature 1877 in music 1877 in science 1877 in sports 1877 in Canada List of state leaders in 1877 List of religious leaders in 1877

Events

• January 1 - Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act, introduced by United Kingdom Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli.
• January 8 - Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry (Montana)
• January 20 - Ottoman Turkey rejects proposals of internal reform and Balkan provisions - Conference of Constantinople ends
• March 2 - U.S. presidential election, 1876: The United States declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote on November 7, 1876
• March 4 - Emile Berliner invents the microphone.
• March 4 - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake debuts
• March 15 - The first Test cricket match, between England and Australia
• April 24 - Russia declares war of Turkey
• May 6 - Realizing that his people were weakened by cold and hunger, Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Sioux surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
• May 8 - At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens (ends May 11).
• May 10 - Romania declares itself independent from Turkey (recognized in 1881 after the end of the Romanian independence war).
• May 16 - Romania declares war on Turkey
• June 15 - Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.
• June 26 - Eruption of Mount Cotopaxi in Ecuador causes severe mudflows that wipe out surrounding cities and valleys - 1000 dead
• June 30 - British Mediterranean fleet is sent to Besika Bay
• July 9 - All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club begins its first lawn tennis tournament at Wimbledon.
• July 21 - A day after bloody rioting in Baltimore from Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of 9 rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia - Pittsburgh then erupts into widespread rioting.
• August 9 - Indian Wars: Battle of Big Hole - Near Big Hole River in Montana, a small band of Nez Percé Indians who refused government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the United States Army. The army lost 29 soldiers and Indians lost 89 warriors in a US Army win.
• August 12 - Asaph Hall discovers Deimos, outer moon of Mars.
• August 17 - Arizona blacksmith F.P. Cahill is fatally wounded by Billy the Kid. Cahill will die the next day, becoming the first person killed by the Kid.
• August 18 - Asaph Hall discovers Phobos, inner moon of Mars.
• September 5 - Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.
• October 10 - Following the recovery of Lieutenant-Colonel George Armstrong Custer's body from where he fell during the Battle of Little Big Horn the previous year, Custer is given a funeral with full military honors and is laid to rest at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.
• November 21 - Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record sound (this is considered to be Edison's first great invention) (Edison demonstrated the device for the first time on November 29).
• December 14 - Serbia restates its previous declaration of war against Turkey

• War between Russia and the Ottoman Empire (Russo-Turkish War), leading to the formation of Bulgaria in 1878. See Russian Foreign Affairs after the Crimean War.

Births

• February 17 - André Maginot, politician, Maginot Line (d. 1932)
• February 19 - Gabriele Münter, painter, member of Blaue Reiter (d. 1962)
• February 25 - Erich von Hornbostel, musicologist (d. 1935)
• March 2 – Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough (+ 1964)
• March 16 - Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1944)
• March 18 - Edgar Cayce, psychic (d. 1945)
• June 14 - Jane Bathori, opera singer (d. 1970)
• July 2 - Hermann Hesse, writer (d. 1962)
• July 6 - Arnaud Massy, champion golfer (d. 1950)
• July 13 - Erik Scavenius, Danish prime minister (d. 1962)
• August 7 - Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater
• September 6 - Buddy Bolden, jazz musician (d. 1930)
• November 9 - Allama Iqbal, philosopher-poet (d. 1938)
• December 3 - Richard William Pearse, New Zealander airplane pioneer.
• Alois Kayser, German missionary, working on Nauru

Deaths

• January 4 - Cornelius Vanderbilt, entrepreneur
• January 21 - Diamond Bessie Moore, prostitute
• September 2 - Constantine Kanaris - Greek politician
• September 5 - Crazy Horse, Chief of the Oglala Sioux.
• October 16 - Theodore Barrière, French dramatist